Strategi Pertahanan Belanda di Kutaraja (1884-1898): Peranan Concentratie Stelsel dalam Perang Aceh

Abstract

This article examines the Dutch defense strategy in Kutaraja from 1884 to 1898, focusing on the implementation of the concentration system as a response to the resistance of the Acehnese people. The study aims to analyze the historical formation of the concentration line, the significance of this strategy within the context of Dutch military dominance, and the reactions of Acehnese fighters to this policy. The methodology employed is a critical historical approach with descriptive analysis, relying on literature review to gather data from various primary and secondary sources. The findings indicate that the concentration line, which involved the placement of military posts in a structured formation, enabled the Dutch to control the territory and reduce operational costs. By establishing defensive posts over an area of 50 km², the Dutch were able to monitor community activities and prevent uprisings. Although this strategy enhanced logistical efficiency, its negative impact on the Acehnese community was significant, including the destruction of cultural sites and the increased economic burden due to forced labor imposed on the populace. The Acehnese, led by ulama and military commanders, continued to resist with the spirit of jihad fi sabilillah, demonstrating their resilience against colonialism. This resistance was not only military in nature but also ideological and cultural, reflecting the commitment of the Acehnese people to defend their sovereignty. This research provides insights into the dynamics of conflict and colonial strategies relevant to the historical context of Indonesia, as well as the importance of understanding historical legacies in fostering national collective awareness. Consequently, this article is expected to contribute to further studies on the impacts of colonialism and resistance in Indonesia.