Referendum Aceh Tahun 1999: Dinamika Konflik, Peran Sipil, dan Konsekuensi Politik
Keywords:
1999 Aceh Referendum, Aceh Crisis, Referendum AgreementAbstract
The Aceh referendum of 1999 was a significant moment in Indonesia's history, marking the peak of a prolonged conflict between the central government and separatist movements in Aceh. After a long period of tension and human rights violations, the referendum was held as part of a broader political reform following the fall of the New Order regime. The people of Aceh were given the opportunity to choose between special autonomy within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia or complete independence. The referendum process was overseen by a UN Peacekeeping Mission and involved various elements of society, including non-governmental organizations that played a role in monitoring its implementation. The results of the referendum showed significant support for independence; however, the Indonesian government rejected the outcome, leading to a resurgence of tension and armed conflict. This referendum not only symbolized the aspirations of the people of Aceh but also reflected the challenges in resolving conflict in a region rich in natural resources yet experiencing political and economic marginalization.
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